PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.